According to Erikson, what is the primary task of adolescence?

• A. Intimacy vs. isolation
• B. Identity vs. role confusion
• C. Autonomy vs. shame
• D. Industry vs. inferiority

Answer: (B)

The primary task of adolescence, according to Erikson, is the development of identity versus role confusion. This stage occurs roughly between the ages of 12 and 18 and is crucial for individuals to form a strong sense of self and personal identity. During this time, adolescents explore various roles and beliefs, experimenting with different identities, which can include changes in appearance, values, and social circles.

Success in this stage leads to a strong sense of self and direction in life, while failure can result in confusion about one’s role in society and difficulties in establishing meaningful relationships in adulthood. Establishing a clear identity is essential for navigating future challenges, including forming intimate relationships and making career decisions, which align with tasks in later stages of development. This phase is foundational for the subsequent development of intimacy, which occurs in young adulthood; hence the exploration of identity during adolescence sets the stage for future interpersonal relationships.